Bandwagon & Name Calling

Bandwagon:
1. Many Companies will sponsor a sport or sports team so they can be the exclusive sponsor of said sport, causing more people to be interested in that company since the sports league or team solely uses their products, and the athletes tend to do the same. Such as Nike being the exclusive NBA sponsor for their jerseys and Little Caesars being the exclusive pizza sponsor of the NFL

2. Commercials that show celebrities using certain products that they probably don’t use, but they use these celebrities to allure people to buy these products so they can be “similar” to the celebrity in the ad. An example of this is Beats by Dre sponsoring Drake in his music video “Forever”, and Sponsoring many athletes such as LeBron James and Jayson Tatum.

Name Calling:
1. When a smaller sibling is getting called something mean or derogatory by their bigger sibling. Such as being called stupid by your older sibling.

2.When someone does something of note such as someone achieving a level of greatness in an area of life, they could get called names such as “The G.O.A.T”.

I think that the speaker uses these appeals to try “relate” to the audience by using people and terms they know to sell their products or ideas.

Hyperbole & Understatement

Hyperbole:
1. School is so far away that it takes years to get there
2. My friend Ryan jumps so high that we fear that he may hit his head on the gym’s lights
3. It was so hot that I felt as if I was melting
4. The Lakers are so bad this year that if they were to play against dogs, I would bet on the dogs to win.
5. I’ve been waiting so long for Jujutsu Kaisen season two that I got married and started a family during that time.
6. Foo Fighter’s music is mind-blowing.
Understatement:
1. The Meal was Ok
2. Our team could win some games
3. The TV Show wasn’t the greatest
4. The Band sold a few seats
5. As a performer he did alright

Exercise 2:
Swift’s use of Understatement was effective in portraying his point about the living conditions and population in the town in both a humorous and serious tone.

Litotes & Antithesis

Litotes:
1. The Food at checkers is not bad at all
2. God of war is no easy game
3. Mark Zuckerberg is not poor at all
4. Mcdonalds’ is not tasty
5. The man was not tall at all

Exercise 2:
1. I will multiply them, and they will be many: I will make them honored, and they shall be massive.
2. That [sword] was useful/ to the warrior now
3. it is serious. I have this tumor on my brain,
4. For life is real/And death is just as real.

Antithesis
1. Life is not one long ride, but a series of short rides
2. Men do not create to gain, they create to fulfill
3. Light is not there to blind, but to destroy the darkness
4. Space is meant to be filled with conclusions, not projects.
5. Walls are meant to protect, not constrict.

Exercise 2:
1. Caught in War, Wanting Peace. By division, wanting unity.
2. Help the many who are poor, Save the few who are rich.
3. Bury Caesar, Not Praise Him.
4. The tossing sea, Firm Ground. Cause and Theory, Result and Fact.
5. No vice, No virtue.
6. Not that I loved Caesar less, that I loved Rome more.
7. The Best of times, Worst of times. The age of wisdom, The age of foolishness.
8. Too black for heaven, yet too white for hell.
9. To err is human, To forgive, divine.
10. Fair is foul, and foul is fair.

Humor & Fear Appeal

Humor Appeal:
1. Liberty Mutual has these ads about commercials being remembered more when they portray people having fun, so they showed a bunch of young people having fun at a pool party and then they incorporated insurance into it.
2. There is an M&Ms commercial where they show two M&Ms (the red and I think the yellow M&M) and they are talking about how lucky they were for making it through the year without being eaten, Then it cuts to the yellow M&M and he is a ghost and he doesn’t realize it.

I think the speaker chose this strategy to try to have the audience remember the ad, and subconsciously think about the ads and the product until eventually gain the desire to buy said product.

Fear Appeal:
1. Anti-Smoking ads that show smoking victims and what the side effects of smoking are
2. Political ads that show the opposing candidates’ beliefs, and what they can potentially do if they get into office.

The speaker uses this strategy to cause panic within the audience and cause people to fear using said product, or doing said action.

Hypophora & Rhetorical Questions

Hypophora:

“Seldom do I pause to answer criticism of my work and ideas. If I sought to answer all the criticisms that cross my desk, my secretaries would have little time for anything other than such correspondence in the course of the day, and I would have no time for constructive work”. “Several months ago the affiliate here in Birmingham asked us to be Or call to engage in a nonviolent direct-action program if such were deemed necessary”.”Why direct action? Why sit-ins, marches and so forth? Isn’t negotiation a better path?”

Exercise 2:
1. Whatever the founding father’s believed
2. Believe in the people who are elected
3. So People can be more fairly equipped financially to take on the world
4. Because of the expectations of being loved
5. We are more diverse and Individualistic than other animals.

Rhetorical Questions:
1. Why are Oranges called Oranges?
2. What makes the world go around?
3. You can’t see that? Are you Blind?
4. Why aren’t you listening?
5. Why are there so many questions?

Scarcity Appeal & Cognitive Biases

Scarcity Appeal:
1. Companies making limited editions of a product and letting the scarcity be known, such as making a limited amount of a certain Funko Pop, or making a certain amount of Phones in a certain color.

2. A returning fan favorite fast food items such as the McRib, or the Taco Bell Mexican-style Pizza.

This technique is used to inform the audience of the obscurity or rarity of an item so that it drives up sales. It activates FOMO (fear of missing out) in people and makes people react more irrational.

Cognitive Bias:
1. (Anchoring) Being told that you are expected to be 5’7 when you grow up, but you only become 5’5. This might be unsettling or annoying to the person that it was told to because they feel like they were cheated out of two inches.
2. (Confirmation) Only surrounding yourself with and befriending like-minded people with similar ideologies as you
Cognitive Biases play on your preexisting beliefs, so people use this to better “relate” with their audience or to make their audience believe that the speaker has and always will be on their side which leads to a more loyal following.

Romance, Sex, and Gender Appeal

Romance Appeal:
1. Jewelers such as Kay’s or Pandora have ads about their products being the perfect gift for your significant other’s birthday/anniversary or Christmas gift
2. Mattress companies advertise mattresses that have controls for both sides, so both people that sleep on it (usually a couple portrayed in the ads) can be comfortable without the other being uncomfortable

Sex Appeal:
1. Fragrance companies such as axe or old spice make their products seem irresistible to the ladies in the ads
2. Hardees or Carls Jr using Supermodels in very suggestive positions to advertise their fast food items.

Gender Appeal:
1. Nugenix’s ads show famous athletes talking about how since they hopped on Nugenix, they have been stronger, faster, and better sexually.
2. Makeup companies using their products in commercials and using words such as “beautiful”, and “perfect” to make the women or men watching feel like they aren’t beautiful or perfect without their product.

These 3 techniques are used to try to capture the audience’s attention using their desires or insecurities and using said desires and insecurities to have the audience go out and buy their product.

Procatalepsis & Distinctio

Procatalepsis:
I read an article on the effectiveness of the three-point shot in basketball, and the author talked about Why are three-point shooting teams dominating basketball recently, isn’t it harder to shoot threes? Then he answered by simply saying that threes are greater than twos. Another example was when the author asked, who is immediately responsible for this boom in three-point shooting, and why hasn’t it worked before. Then he answered by saying that Steph Curry from the Golden State Warriors is responsible for this boom and that his team’s system is directly tied to him getting himself and his teammates open from three so that they have an easier time shooting. Lastly, he quoted NBA hall of Famer Charles Barkley when he said that “Three-Point shooting and jump shooting teams cannot win the championship”, then he talked about the 4 championships that the golden state warriors won while being the most prolific three-point shooting team in NBA history.

Exercise 2:
1. Many people say that we live in a diluted world today since everything is at the finger’s reach, but today we live in a world with the most understanding of everything around us.
2. Love isn’t real, Love is as real as one believes it to be.
3. The necessary changes to society won’t come because of the reluctance of man, but this claim has been said before, and then the necessary changes had been made.
4. History repeats itself and we are destined to fail, But we learn from our mistakes.
5. The waste left by man isn’t man’s problem, but it is as we put it there.

Exercise 3:
1. Opposition (A): Nuclear bombs are good deterrents from other nations threatening us.
Rebuttal (A): But the use of Nuclear bombs are deadly, and can cause great damage to our world.
Opposition (B): The Meer thought of this deters other nations from using them due to said damage.
Rebuttal (B): But the eventual necessary use of them will be very deadly.

2. Opposition (A): Religion should be taught as it is an important part of human history.
Rebuttal (A): The teaching of religion is harmful as biased educators can force their biases onto the students.
Opposition (B): The teaching of religion is the same as the teaching of science, and math. It should be a part of the curriculum.
Rebuttal (B): The difference is that science and math are based on fact, while religion is based on faith and belief. It should be the individual’s choice to follow religion or not.

3. Opposition (A): Music and art are non-required subjects so their funding should be cut.
Rebuttal (A): The creativity that these classes provide to the students is essential in their development as students and as people.
Opposition (B): The creativity that comes from these classes can be replicated in other classes, such as English or math.
Rebuttal (B): But then the student never gets to experience art or music, and may not find their passions which may lay in that class.

4: Opposition (A): Animal testing helps test the efficacy and safety of products.
Rebuttal (A): The testing that these animals go through is potentially life-threatening and inhumane.
Opposition (B): It’s much better than using Human testers.
Rebuttal (B): The use of Human testing may be more efficient and effective as they are mostly testing products made for humans.

5. Opposition (A): Violent movies don’t affect kids because it isn’t real.
Rebuttal (A): It may not be real but it does give kids a twisted and sick sense of what the “real” world is.
Opposition (B): Mostly the real world is depicted, and they should be getting prepared for the real world.
Rebuttal (B): This isn’t the real world that is being depicted, they are getting prepared for a dramatized fake reality.

Distinctio:

Exercise 1:
1. The sky was very colorful in the evening, by colorful I meant diverse and wide-spanning in range.
2. The hole was very deep, by deep I mean shallow and large.
3. My schoolwork is annoying, by schoolwork I mean papers.
4. The standard that is set is really high, by standard I mean expectations.
5. The stars are very bright tonight, by bright I mean blindingly bright.
6. The dog is crazy, crazy wild.
7. The kid was very smart but didn’t apply himself, street smart that is.
8. The book bag was very common, everyone had it.
9. The parent isn’t always right, often they can be wrong.

Exercise 2:
Effective:
1. Football, American football I mean.
It is effective because it makes the necessary distinction between American and regular football.
2. The food was the best, the best of the best.
It clarifies that the food is at the top of the top.
3. The kid was fast, and by fast I mean fast.
Another example of clarification is that It is at the top of the top.
4. The helpfulness of the attendant was absolutely necessary, it was required.
It defines necessary
5. My phone is almost dead, which means that I need to charge it.
Defines dead
6. My lottery winnings will provide me for years, generations maybe.
It put a timeline on the vagueness of the word “years”

Ineffective
1. The computer was new, which I mean expensive.
The two contrasting words do not affect each other.

2. The wind is strong and cold.
Again the two contrasting words do not affect each other.

3. Water is very blue like an ocean.
Comparing virtually the same thing to each other

4. My phone alarm is loud, not quiet but scary.
No need to contrast loud and scary.

5. His typing was fast, compared to my cat.
No need to compare the speeds of his cat and the typer.

6. Sleeping is required like blue is to the sky.
The sky isn’t always blue, and the two things are not connected at all.

Glittering Generalities, Climax, Parallelism/Chiasmus,& Euphemisms

Glittering Generalities:
1. When a company guarantees satisfaction with its product. What does that mean? The vagueness of a satisfaction guarantee is an example of a Glittering Generality.
2. When an equipment company says that its products will improve performance.

Climax:
1. Ichigo is the sole survivor of the attack
2. He vows to never lose again
3. He trains as hard as he can for months
4. Eventually he believes he can win against Aizen
5. He rushes to Hueco Mundo
6. He confronts Aizen
7. Before Ichigo can even react Aizen attacks him
8. But Ichigo’s speed saves him and he luckily dodges
9. What ensues in the greatest battle ever seen
10. And Ichigo is victorious

Parallelism/Chiasmus:
Exercise 2:
1. It only lists the activities, and the last one differs from the rest.
I run, write, read, and swim for fun.
2. Boring word choice.
During my time off, I’ll be doing the opposite of my time at work, watching TV, playing golf, and catching fish
3. It’s ok, but it could have a better word selection.
The Boys like the paper route, and the paper they make from it.
4. Too many words
While preparing to write, she sharpens her pencil and organizes her paper.
5. Again too many words
Her daughter took her to the shower and got her ready for work.
6. Weird word choice, and format
The neighbor’s complaints, the late rent, and the loud noise were only some of the landlord’s problems.
7. The sentence is good but has too many words
Wild intoxication and lyrical novels are only some of the staples of F. Scott Fitzgerald.
8. No comparisons just actions and picking up your room makes no sense
All you have to do is Fold your clothes, and then you can come to the kitchen
9. It’s ok.
She was so blind that she can’t see his lies, deceit, and tricks.
10. Too many words
The kid’s values were honesty, determination, and pranks against everyone.

Euphemisms:
1. When doctors use “repairing” while fixing someone’s broken bone. This minimizes the stress put on the patient without lying about what they are doing.
2. The saying for being below average in an area is “In need of improvement”. This minimizes the negativeness of the situation without downplaying it.